SOA : start of authority record (RFC 1035)
Specifies authoritative information about a DNS zone, including the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and several timers relating to refreshing the zone.

MX : mail exchange record (RFC 1035)
Maps a domain name to a list of mail exchange servers for that domain

NSEC3 : NSEC record version 3 (RFC 5155)
An extension to DNSSEC that allows proof of nonexistence for a name without permitting zonewalking

DS : Delegation signer (RFC 4034)
The record used to identify the DNSSEC signing key of a delegated zone

NS : name server record (RFC 1035)
Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers

SPF : SPF record (RFC 4408)
Specified as part of the SPF protocol, as an alternative to storing SPF data in TXT records. Uses the same format as the TXT record.

NSEC : Next-Secure record (RFC 4034)
Part of DNSSEC—used to prove a name does not exist. Uses the same format as the (obsolete) NXT record.

CNAME : Canonical name record (RFC 1035)
Alias of one name to another: the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name.

TA : DNSSEC Trust Authorities (None)
Part of a deployment proposal for DNSSEC without a signed DNS root. See the IANA database and Weiler Spec] for details. Uses the same format as the DS record.

DNSKEY : DNS Key record (RFC 4034)
The key record used in DNSSEC. Uses the same format as the KEY record.

TXT : Text record (RFC 1035)
Originally for arbitrary human-readable text in a DNS record. Since the early 1990s, however, this record more often carries machine-readable data, such as specified by RFC 1464, opportunistic encryption, Sender Policy Framework, DomainKeys, DNS-SD, etc.

HIP : Host Identity Protocol (RFC 5205)
Method of separating the end-point identifier and locator roles of IP addresses.

LOC : Location record (RFC 1876)
Specifies a geographical location associated with a domain name

TKEY : Transaction Key (RFC 2930)
One way of providing a key to be used with TSIG

NSEC3PARAM : NSEC3 parameters (RFC 5155)
Parameter record for use with NSEC3

DNAME : delegation name (RFC 2672)
DNAME will delegate an entire portion of the DNS tree under a new name. In contrast, the CNAME record creates an alias of a single name. Like the CNAME record, the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name.

DHCID : DHCP identifier (RFC 4701)
Used in conjunction with the FQDN option to DHCP

TSIG : Transaction Signature (RFC 2845)
Record that supports one set of security mechanisms for DNS. Used to secure communication between DNS resolvers and Name servers, in contrast to DNSSEC, which secures the actual DNS records from the authoritative name server.